## [astro-ph/0408279] Cosmokinetics

 Authors: R. D. Blandford, M. Amin, E. A. Baltz, K. Mandel, P. J. Marshall Abstract: Our fundamental lack of understanding of the acceleration of the Universe suggests that we consider a kinematic description. The simplest formalism involves the third derivative of the scale factor through a jerk parameter. A new approach is presented for describing the results of astronomical observations in terms of the contemporary jerk parameter and this is related to the equation of state approach. Simple perturbative expansions about $\Lambda$CDM are given. [PDF]  [PS]  [BibTex]  [Bookmark]

Discussion related to specific recent arXiv papers
Anze Slosar
Posts: 183
Joined: September 24 2004
Affiliation: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Contact:

### [astro-ph/0408279] Cosmokinetics

Authors of this paper propose a new parametrisation for the dark energy in which they replace w(a) with j(a), where j(a) is a jerk parameter, i.e. something looking like third derivative of scale factor with respect to time.

I have a few comments:
• They claim j=1 for $\Lambda CDM$. Isn't this true only and only when $\Lambda$ dominates?
• In order to satisfy friedman equation together with jerk constraint you are implicitly postulating another component to the energy density of the universe, so you don't gain much, do you? You could always derive $w(a) = F(j(a))$. This is all explained in section 2. 4, but I admit I haven't read it that carefully.
• I agree that an important advantage might be a completelly different prior structure of this parametrisation, which might illuminate some stuff hidden in the data at the moment...

Ben Gold
Posts: 81
Joined: September 25 2004
Affiliation: University of Minnesota
Contact:
No, for a model with matter and cosmological constant j=1 for all time. a(t) goes as something like sinh(t)^(2/3) in such models, but when you take all the derivatives for computing the jerk parameter things cancel nicely.

I think they're just pointing this out as another way of parametrizing the equation of state, but one where the response of various observables to variations in their parameters is different than if the parameters were the usual w_0, w', etc. This is what figures 3 and 5 seem to be about.

Alan Peel
Posts: 1
Joined: September 25 2004
Affiliation: University of Maryland
Contact:

### cosmodynamics - not kinetics

We just had a Cosmo Lunch on this paper along with the related: Visser gr-qc/0309109 and Allam et al astro-ph/0303009, so many of these comments aren't really mine, but I'll take credit and blame equally.

short post:

The "kinetics" push isn't quite justifiable. Blandford's big push seems to be that these parameters are the "right" ones to use for testing dark energy's deviation from a basic lambda universe. The general reaction from the theorists' side was that one basis of parameters was (almost) as good as another and all reveal _some_ kind of bias; from the observer's side it was pointed out that the data will in some sense tell you what parameters are good or bad.

longer post:

We discussed that if the quality of the data is good enough, your priors won't matter. Right now, Lambda CDM is good enough for the data and Occam plays a bit of a role (think about Liddle's astro-ph/0401198 spartan approach to the number of parameters you need and apply it a' la Bassett et al astro-ph/0407364 ); when the data gets better, theorists can parametrize all they like; the data will sort it all out.

So I want to hear a convincing argument that expanding around a(t) is the right thing to do, and have yet to do so. All the hoopla about avoiding a theoretical bias seems dodgy: this approach avoided _some_ biases about quintessence and the like, but brings other biases with it. I think Allam et al did one better by showing from a SNAPpish simulation of Lambda CDM SNIa's that you could potentially rule out classes of theories using jerk (and something they call "s" which is _not_ the fourth derivative snap). This is also probably the right way to ask the question.

Visser's point was that you can't linearize w() without considering the jerk: not quite phrased as following, but this gets to the point: w(t) = 2q(t)-1/3. Linearize w and you have to linearize q (the decceleration parameter/2nd derivative of a(t))...hence you pick up j. Then (though he may have just chosen a really bad parametrization for w), points out that (now very slightly dusty) since SNIa data does not constrain j very well, you don't get much constraint on w'. I don't think this should have been a huge surprise: all we have is fairly discreet data points; the more derivatives you take, the noisier things get... This is a theorist finding out what Bassett and friends new: that even linearizing w is tricky with current data.

Any other comments?

Alan Peel

P.S. Using jerk as a parameter predates these papers (Harrison in Nature v.260 1976) though his motivation was different: he was trying to avoid using the energy densities since they were so difficult to measure precisely. Then again, as one of us pointed out, Zeldovich probably suggested it in passing during an undergraduate lecture in the 60's.